Virtualisation d'interfaces matérielles : proposition, implémentation et évaluation d'un nouveau paradigme d'interactions humain-machine

RÉSUMÉ En acquérant de nouvelles fonctions, les machines environnantes ont vu leur interface se complexifier. Cette évolution rapide et non-contrôlée a mené à des interactions humainmachine moins performantes, forçant deux courants de pensées à émerger. Puisant dans l’informatique pervasive, le premier a favorisé le développement de machines intelligentes, en les augmentant de multiples senseurs pour automatiser la plupart de leurs fonctionnalités, afin de décharger leur interface et limiter les interactions humainmachine aux actions strictement essentielles. Le deuxième s’est concentré, entre autres, sur la formulation de philosophies de design (design centré sur l’utilisateur, conception pour tous, interfaces unifiées…) et sur l’élaboration de méthodes d’évaluation (cognitive walkthrough, évaluations heuristiques…), afin de simplifier et de standardiser ces interfaces. Bien que ces recherches ont et continuent de façonner le monde des interfaces humain-machine tel que nous le connaissons, il nous reste encore beaucoup de progrès à faire pour offrir, à chaque utilisateur et dans un marché de masse, des interfaces optimales et minimales, répondant spécifiquement à leurs besoins, à leurs modèles mentaux et à leurs préférences individuels.----------ABSTRACT As machines acquired new capabilities, their interfaces ultimately became more complex. This unrestrained and rapid evolution led to problematic man-machine interactions, forcing two currents of thought to emerge. Drawing upon pervasive computing, the first moved towards intelligent machines, using multiple sensors to automate most of their functionalities, to streamline their interfaces and to limit manmachine interactions to essential actions. The second focused, among other concepts, on design philosophies (user-centered design, design for all, unified interfaces…) and evaluation methods (cognitive walkthrough, heuristic evaluations…), in a quest to simplify and standardize these interfaces. While such research shaped and continues to shape the world of man-machine interfaces as we know it, we are still far from offering, in a mass-market environment, ideal and minimal interfaces, tailored to a user’s specific and individual needs, mental models and preferences

Simulateur de chirurgie d'instrumentation du rachis scoliotique en réalité virtuelle

Motivation et contexte de recherche -- Travaux antérieurs et élaboration de l'architecture du simulateur de chirurgie -- Module d'interactions en réalité virtuelle -- Modèle interne de description de scène -- Affichage de la scène -- Engin d'interactions en réalité virtuelle -- État actuel d'avancement du moteur d'interactions en réalité virtuelle -- Modèle biomécanique de l'instrumentation rachis scoliotique -- Modèle mathématique -- Implantation du modèle biomécanique -- État actuel d'avancement du module biomécanique -- Simulation de l'instrumentation du rachis scoliotique en réalité virtuelle -- Simulateur de chirurgie du rachis scoliotique en réalité virtuelle -- Étude d'utilisabilité -- Limites et avantages du simulateur

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Abstract-One of the recurring limitations of wearable computers relates to their user interface. In order to attain transparent and natural interactions, a new interaction paradigm must be introduced. Following a short introduction on wearable computers, this paper makes the case for an ecological approach for the engineering of human-wearable computer interactions. These new interaction mechanisms, expressly based on the use of environmental objects strongly associated with the task that needs to be accomplished, ultimately lead to the augmentation of these entities. We present the current state of our research on this new interaction paradigm, from the layers of the general application architecture we devised to an example of a simple real-world application we implemented

Artificial Grapheme-Color Synesthesia for Wearable Task Support

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Oligometastatic Disease Detection with 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer Patients (HSPC) with Biochemical Recurrence after Radical Prostatectomy: Predictive Factors and Clinical Impact

Metastasis-directed therapy (MDT) in oligometastatic prostate cancer has the potential of delaying the start of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and disease progression. We aimed to analyze the efficacy of PSMA-PET/CT in detecting oligometastatic disease (OMD), to look for predictive factors of OMD, and to evaluate the impact of PSMA-PET/CT findings on clinical management. We retrospectively analyzed a homogeneous population of 196 hormone-sensitive prostate cancer patients (HSPC), considered potential candidates for MDT, with a PSMA-PET/CT performed at biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed based on several clinico-pathological factors. Changes in clinical management before and after PSMA-PET/CT were analyzed. The OMD detection rate was 44% for a total positivity rate of 60%. PSMA-PET/CT positivity was independently related to PSA (OR (95% CI), p) (1.7 (1.3–2.3), p < 0.0001) and PSAdt (0.4 (0.2–0.8), p = 0.013), and OMD detection was independently related to PSA (1.6 (1.2–2.2), p = 0.001) and no previous salvage therapy (0.3 (0.1–0.9), p = 0.038). A treatment change was observed in 58% of patients, mostly to perform MDT after OMD detection (60% of changes). This study showed that PSMA-PET/CT is an excellent imaging technique to detect OMD early in HSPC patients with BCR after RP, changing therapeutic management mostly into MDT